What nuclear weapons do other countries have?

This post sets out which countries hold nuclear weapons, divided into four categories: Nuclear-Weapon States, Non-NPT Nuclear Weapons Possessors, States of Immediate Proliferation Concern, and States That Had Nuclear Weapons or Nuclear Weapons Programmes at One Time. This represents a generally agreed view, though some areas — such as Iran — remain highly speculative and contentious.

Nuclear-Weapon States (as recognised by the NPT): China holds around 240 total warheads. France has fewer than 300 operational warheads. Russia has approximately 2,600 operational strategic warheads, around 2,000 operational tactical warheads, and approximately 8,000 stockpiled strategic and tactical warheads. The United Kingdom holds fewer than 160 deployed strategic warheads, with a total stockpile of up to 225. The United States holds 5,113 active and inactive nuclear warheads, plus approximately 4,500 warheads retired and awaiting dismantlement.

Non-NPT Nuclear Weapons Possessors: India holds up to 100 nuclear warheads. Israel is estimated to hold between 75 and 200. Pakistan is estimated to hold between 70 and 90.

States of Immediate Proliferation Concern: North Korea has separated enough plutonium for up to 12 nuclear warheads. Iran has no known weapons or sufficient fissile material stockpiles, though the IAEA concluded in 2003 that Iran had undertaken covert nuclear activities to establish indigenous fissile material production capacity. Syria was the subject of an Israeli airstrike in September 2007 on what US officials alleged was a nuclear reactor construction site similar to North Korea's Yongbyon facility; IAEA investigations subsequently uncovered traces of undeclared uranium at the site.

States That Previously Had Nuclear Weapons or Programmes: Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine inherited nuclear weapons following the Soviet Union's collapse in 1991 but returned them to Russia and joined the NPT as non-nuclear states. South Africa secretly developed and then dismantled a small number of nuclear warheads before joining the NPT in 1991. Iraq had an active nuclear weapons programme prior to the 1991 Gulf War but was required to dismantle it under UN supervision; the 2003 invasion definitively ended any further pursuit. Libya voluntarily renounced its secret nuclear efforts in December 2003. Argentina, Brazil, South Korea and Taiwan also shelved nuclear weapons programmes.